Imigração, Atividades Empreendedoras e Mudança Social em Contextos Rurais: Um Balanço Teórico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59072/rper.vi59.91Palavras-chave:
neo-ruralidade, imigração, empreendedorismo, gentrificação ruralResumo
A análise teórica desenvolvida centra-se nos contributos conceptuais e de pesquisa empírica mais relevantes sobre os fluxos migratórios que, associados a determinadas atividades, projetos e estilos de vida, são atraídos pelas condições existentes nas áreas rurais. Esta análise é guiada por quatro questões: (i) quais as imagens, possibilidades e recursos que conferem atratividade migratória aos territórios rurais? (ii) quem são os migrantes que se deslocam para o campo e quais as suas razões e motivações? (iii) qual a relação destas migrações com processos de inovação e empreendedorismo? (iv) em que medida e de que forma os fluxos de neo-rurais proporcionam processos de gentrificação? A revisão apoia-se em artigos e livros indexados nas bases Scopus e Web of Science, sendo complementada com a análise de obras não indexadas, mas de referência. Como resultado, constatou-se que o neo-ruralismo empreendedor é protagonizado por indivíduos que deixam os centros urbanos motivados pela procura de novos estilos de vida e/ou por oportunidades de desenvolver determinadas atividades económicas. Neste processo, tendem a fomentar a inovação, processos de desenvolvimento local e, não raramente, a gentrificação dos contextos rurais.
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