Taxas Ambientais Aeroportuárias Baseadas na Valoração de Externalidades: O Caso do Aeroporto da Portela

Abstract

The introduction of environmental taxes on air transport has been advocated by a growing part of society and a considerable number of governments. The main goal is that ticket prices incorporate all the external costs provoked by these transport activities. In this paper, a methodology for the calibration of Airport Environmental Taxes (AET) is reviewed. The main focus is on noise nuisance and local air emissions. Moreover, the set of taxes potentially applied in the Portela Airport, by aircraft type, is estimated. In the case of noise, marginal costs are employed, whilst average costs are used in the case of pollutant emissions. Benefit transfer is generically implemented, applying when possible specific values for Portugal. The methodology employed proves that calibrating this kind of taxes is possible and shows that their correct application requires taking into account both the specificities of each airport and the types of aircraft operating in it.