Challenges of sustainable tourism management in a small Historical town from the perspective of accommodation managers

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59072/rper.vi69.632

Keywords:

Sustainable Tourism Development, Historical tows, Sustainable management, Accommodation managers

Abstract

The tourism industry has made significant efforts to adopt more sustainable practices in order to minimise environmental impacts. Despite the general recognition of these initiatives, there is a lack of studies investigating the perceptions of tourism companies in relation to the application of Sustainable Tourism Development (STD) principles. This study therefore aims to understand the attitudes of accommodation managers towards implementing sustainable tourism development practices, as well as the challenges they face when incorporating these principles into their business models. Adopting a qualitative approach, the research used MAXQDA20 software to analyse the data. The results revealed that the majority of managers recognise that challenges arising from external factors have resulted in significant learning for the management of their accommodation. However, the research concludes that accommodation managers are not yet fully capable of making a positive contribution to STD, and there are difficulties in fully integrating sustainable principles into their business models. The uniqueness of this research lies in its original contribution to filling a gap in the existing literature, offering an unprecedented insight into the perceptions of managers and the challenges they face in implementing the principles of STD. 

Author Biographies

Isabel, Instituto Politécnico de Viseu

Is Adjunct Professor at the Polytechnic Institute of Viseu. She works in the areas of Social Sciences with an emphasis on Tourism and Heritage and in the area of Management. Completed her PhD in Management in 2014 at the University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro. She has a Masters degree in Tourism and Heritage in 2007 from the University of Minho and a degree in Tourism Marketing in 1998 from the University of Algarve (UAL). She has published articles in specialized magazines and book chapters.  She is involved in several studies and research projects.

Ana Rodrigues, Centre for Transdisciplinary Development Studies

Has a PhD in Management (UTAD), a Master's in Management – Specialization in Marketing (University of Minho) and a degree in Management (UTAD). She is an integrated researcher in the Centre for Transdisciplinary Development Studies. Her areas of interest are marketing, entrepreneurship, and sustainable tourism development. She has published several articles in scientific journals in the area of marketing and tourism. She is involved in several studies and research projects

Elisa Alén, University of Vigo; Faculty of Business Sciences and Tourism

Has a PhD in Cuestiones Actuales en Dirección y Gestión de Empresas in 2003 from the Universidad de Vigo and a degree in Business Administration and Management in 1999 from the Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia - Campus de Senda del Rey. She is an Associate Professor at the University of Vigo - Ourense Campus. She has published several articles in specialized magazines and books.  Has received three awards and/or honourable mentions. She participates and/or has participated as a Researcher in three projects and as a Principal Investigator in two projects

Nuno, INESC TEC, Campus da FEUP

Doctoral student in Tourism at the University of Vigo, Master in Management at the University of Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Department of Economics, Sociology and Management and Degree in Economics from the same higher education institution. Co-author of articles in conferences, articles in specialized scientific journals and book chapters in the area of social sciences. He was Co-organiser of scientific seminars and is a regular participant in conferences and seminars. He was a Research Grant Holder in the scientific project "Dourotur" of the Science and Technology Foundation (FCT) and a Grant Holder of Science and Technology Management (BGCTM) in the Centre for Transdisciplinary Studies for Development (CETRAD). Recently, he was a guest lecturer at the University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro. He is currently a PhD FCT scholarship holder at INESC-TEC and a researcher in the IC & DT scientific project "PromoturVR". He is an effective member of the Order of Economists (professional card nº 15797). He works mainly in the area of Social Sciences. The most frequent terms in the contextualization of scientific, technological and artistic-cultural production are "Management" and "Tourism".

References

Akhtar, S. & Najar, A. H. (2020). Environmental sustainable practices in the hotels: From existence to implementation. Ecology. Environment and Conservation, 26(1), 111-116.

Amado, M. P., Santos, C. V., Moura, E. B., & Silva, V. G. (2010). Public participation in sustainable urban planning. International journal of human and social sciences, 5(2), 102-108

Antão-Geraldes, A. M., & Sheppard, V. A. (2020). Promoting sustainable tourism in rural and natural areas through small business innovation: the case of Atenor village (Northeast, Portugal). Journal of Ecotourism, 19(2), 185-193.

Antão-Geraldes, M. & Sheppard, V.A. (2019). Promoting sustainable tourism in rural and natural areas through small business innovation: the case of Atenor village (Northeast, Portugal), Journal of Ecotourism, DOI: 10.1080/14724049.2019.1607864

Balaji, M., Jiang, Y., Jha, S. (2019). Green hotel adoption: A personal choice or social pressure? Int. J. Contemp. Hosp. Manag. 31, 3287–3305.

Barber, N.A. & Deale, C. (2014). Tapping Mindfulness to shape hotel guests' Sustainable

behaviour. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 55 (1), 100–114.

Berezan, O., Raab, C., Yoo, M., & Love, C. (2013). Sustainable hotel practices and nationality: The impact on guest satisfaction and guest intention to return. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 34, 227-233.

Bhat, A. A., & Mishra, R. K. (2021). Demographic characteristics and residents' attitude towards tourism development: A case of Kashmir region. Journal of Public Affairs, 21(2), e2179.

Butler R. (1998). Sustainable tourism—looking backwards in order to progress? In: Hall C.M., Lew A.A., editors. Sustainable tourism: a geographical perspective. Longman; New York: 1998.

Calisto, M.D.L., Umbelino, J., Gonçalves, A., & Viegas, C. (2021). Environmental sustainability strategies for smaller companies in the hotel industry: doing the right thing or doing things right?. Sustainability, 13(18), 10380.

Casais, B. & Ferreira, L. (2023). Smart and sustainable hotels: Tourism Agenda 2030 perspective article. Tourism Review, 78(2), 344-351. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-12-2022-0619.

Comerio, N., & Strozzi, F. (2019). Tourism and its economic impact: A literature review using bibliometric tools. Tourism economics, 25(1), 109-131. https://doi.org/10.1177/135481661879376

Europa Nostra (2020) COVID-19 & BEYOND Challenges and Opportunities

for Cultural Heritage (20 October 2020). Europa Nostra. https://www.europanostra.org/wpcontent/uploads/2020/10/20201014_COVID19_Consultation-Paper_EN.pdf

Faria, P., Baltazar, L. G., Lima, J., Bruno, P., Martinho, G., & Nóbrega, L. (2021). Guia para a Construção Sustentável em Empreendimentos Turísticos. Turismo de Portugal: Lisboa (Guide for Sustainable Construction in Tourism Developments. Portugal Tourism: Lisbon).

Fraj, E.; Matute, J. & Melero, I. (2015). Environmental strategies and organizational competitiveness in the hotel industry: The role of learning and innovation as determinants of environmental success. Tourism Management, 46(1), 30-42.

Frauman, E., & Banks, S. (2011). Gateway community resident perceptions of tourism development: Incorporating Importance-Performance Analysis into a Limits of Acceptable Change framework. Tourism Management, 32(1), 128-140.

Galpin, T.; Whitttington, J. L. & Bell, G. (2015). Is your sustainability strategy sustainable? Creating a culture of sustainability. Corporate Governance, 15(1), 1-17.

García-Delgado, F. J., Martínez-Puche, A., & Lois-González, R. C. (2020). Heritage, tourism and local development in peripheral rural spaces: mértola (Baixo Alentejo, Portugal). Sustainability, 12(21), 9157.

Gil-Soto, E., Armas-Cruz, Y., Morini-Marrero, S., & Ramos-Henríquez, J.M. (2019). Hotel guests’ perceptions of environmental friendly practices in social media. Int. J. Hosp. Manag., 78, 59–67.

Giorgi, A. & Sousa D. (2010). Método fenomenológico de investigação em psicologia. Lisboa: Fim de século. (Phenomenological method of research in psychology. Fim de século: Lisbon).

Gonia, A., & Jezierska-Thöle, A. (2022). Sustainable Tourism in Cities—Nature Reserves as a ‘New’City Space for Nature-Based Tourism. Sustainability, 14(3), 1581.

Gu, S.; Li, J., Wang, M. & Ma, H. (2023). Post-Renewal Evaluation of an Urbanized Village with Cultural Resources Based on Multi Public Satisfaction: A Case Study of Nantou Ancient City in Shenzhen. Land 211 https://doi.org/10.3390/land12010211.

Harshbarger, B. (2012). Small town tourism: Building the dreams. Illinois Institute for Rural Affairs. Rural Research Report, 22(6), 1. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2179

Hutagalung, H., Purwana, D., Suhud, U., Mukminin, A., Hamidah, H., & Rahayu, N. (2022). Community Self-Reliance of Rural Tourism in Indonesia: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Qualitative Report, 27(7).

Irfan, M., Ullah, S., Razzaq, A., Cai, J., & Adebayo, T. S. (2023). Unleashing the dynamic impact of tourism industry on energy consumption, economic output, and environmental quality in China: A way forward towards environmental sustainability. Journal of Cleaner Production, 387, 135778. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.135778

Ismagilova, G., Safiullin, L., & Gafurov, I. (2015). Using historical heritage as a factor in tourism development. Procedia-social and Behavioral sciences, 188, 157-162.

Jaisinghani, D., Kaur, M., Joshi, M., Sharma, S., & Ahmed, A. D. (2023). Impact of political risk and economic growth on the tourism industry: Evidence from a dynamic threshold panel model. Tourism Economics, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1177/13548166231212244

Jeog, H., & Othman, J. (2016). Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis from a Realist Perspective. The Qualitative Reports, 21(3), 558-570.

Jones, P.; Hillier, D.; Comfort, D. (2014). Sustainability in the global hotel industry. Int. J. Contemp. Hosp. Manag. 26, 5–17

Kamalulariffin, N. S. (2013). Adoption of Environmental Management Practices (EMPs) in the Malaysian Hotel Industry: An Investigation on EMPs Drivers and Market Performance Outcomes (Doctoral dissertation, Universiti SainsMalaysia).

Kasimu, A.B., Zaiton, S. & Hassan, H. (2012). Hotels' involvement in sustainable tourism practices in Klang Valley, Malaysia. International Journal of Economics and Management, 6(1), 21-34.

Kuckartz, U., & Rädiker, S. (2019). Analyzing qualitative data with MAXQDA (pp. 1-290). Basel, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.

Langgat, J.A. (2019). Sustainability Adoption in Hotel Restaurants: Evidence from Malaysia. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.

Lysgård, H. K. (2019). The assemblage of culture-led policies in small towns and rural communities. Geoforum, 101, 10-17.

Ma, X., Tan, J., & Zhang, J. (2022). Spatial–Temporal Correlation between the Tourist Hotel Industry and Town Spatial Morphology: The Case of Phoenix Ancient Town, China. Sustainability 14(17), 10577. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14171057

Madanaguli, A., Dhir, A., Joseph, R. P., Albishri, N. A., & Srivastava, S. (2023). Environmental sustainability practices and strategies in the rural tourism and hospitality sector: a systematic literature review and suggestions for future research. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 1-28.

Manzoor F., Wei, L., Asif M., Haq M.Z., Rehman, H. (2019) The Contribution of Sustainable Tourism toEconomic Growth and Employment in Pakistan. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 16(19), 3785.

Marujo, N. & Carvalho, P. (2010). Turismo, planeamento e desenvolvimento sustentável (Tourism, planning and sustainable development). Turismo & Sociedade. 3(2) 147-16.

Melissen, F. (2013). Sustainable hospitality: A meaningful notion?. Journal of MIT Sloan Manag. Rev., 53, 43-50.

Melissen, F., Koens, K., Brinkman, M. & Smit B. (2016). Sustainable development in the accommodation sector: A social dilemma perspective. Tourism Management Perspectives, 20,141-150.

Moniz, A. I., Hill, M. M., & Silva, J. A. (2010). A sustentabilidade do turismo em ilhas de pequena dimensão: o caso dos Açores (The sustainability of tourism in small islands: the case of the Azores). Revista Turismo & Desenvolvimento, 3(13/14), 1085-1086. https://doi.org/10.34624/rtd.v3i13/14.12925

Mu, Q., & Aimar, F. (2022). How Are Historical Villages Changed? A Systematic Literature Review on European and Chinese Cultural Heritage Preservation Practices in Rural Areas. Land, 11(7), 982.

Mucharreira P.R. & Antunes, M. G. (2015). Os efeitos das variáveis macroeconómicas no desempenho das organizações: Evidência das pequenas e médias empresas em Portugal (The effects of macroeconomic variables on the performance of organizations: Evidence from small and medium-sized enterprises in Portugal). Contabilidade & Gestão, 17, 113-143.

Mucharreira, P. R., Antunes, M. G., Abranja, N., Justino, M. R. T., & Quirós, J. T. (2019). The relevance of tourism in financial sustainability of hotels. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 25(3), 165-174.

Muminovi´c, E., Radosavljevi´c, U., Beganovi´c, D. (2020). Planning and Management Model for the Regeneration of Historic Urban Landscapes: The Case of Historic centre of Novi Pazar in Serbia. Sustainability 12, 1323.

Mura, L. & Kajzar, P. (2019). Small Businesses in Cultural Tourism in a Central European Country. Journal of Tourism and Services, 10 (19): 40-54.

Nair, M. B., Ramachandran, S., Shuib, A., Syamsul, H. M. A., & Nair, V. (2012). Multi-criteria decision making approach for responsible tourism management. Malaysian Forester, 72(2), 135-146.

Nepal, R., Irsyad, M.I. & Nepal, S.K. (2019). Tourist arrivals, energy consumption and pollutant emissions in a developing economy–implications for sustainable tourism. Tour. Manag. 72, 145–154.

Pérez, D. & Del Bosque, I. R. (2014). Sustainable Development and Stakeholders: A Renew Proposal for the Implementation and Measurement of Sustainability in Hospitality Companies. Knowledge and Process Management, 21(3), 198-205.

PORDATA (2022). Estatísticas, gráficos e indicadores de Municípios em Portugal. https://www.pordata.pt/Municipios

Pryce, A. (2001). Sustainability in the hotel industry. Travel Tour. Anal., 6, 95–114.

Radwan, H.R.I.; Jones, E. & Minoli, D. (2012). Solid waste management in small hotels: A comparison of green and non-green small hotels in Wales. J. Sustain. Tour. 20, 533–550.

Rudan, E. (2010). The development of cultural tourism in small historical towns. In Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management in Opatija. Biennial International Congress. Tourism & Hospitality Industry (p. 577). University of Rijeka, Faculty of Tourism & Hospitality Management.

Saarinen, J. (2020). Sustainable growth in tourism?: Rethinking and resetting sustainable tourism for development. In Degrowth and Tourism (pp. 135-151). Routledge.

Santos, R. A. D. (2018). Critérios para o desenvolvimento de uma hotelaria sustentável. Tese de Doutoramento (Criteria for the development of sustainable hotels. Doctoral Thesis). Universidade Federal Fluminense.

Sharpley, R. (2000). The influence of the accommodation sector on tourism development: Lessons from Cyprus. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 19(3), 275–293. doi: 10.1016/S0278-4319(00)00021-9

Smith, J. A., & Osborn, M. (2008). Interpretative phenomenological analysis. In J. A. Smith (Ed.), Qualitative psychology: a practical guide to research methods. London: Sage. pp. 53-81.

Smith, J., Flowers, P., & Larkin, M. (2009). Interpretative phenomenological analysis: theory, method, and research. London: SAGE Publications.

Sosa, M. (2023). Tourism development planning as a community industry. Revista Científica "Visión de Futuro", 27(1), 59-72.

Sousa, N. A. P., & Manfredo, M. T. (2020). O Turismo no Douro: Notas Bibliométricas Sobre a Literatura Científica. RPER, (56), 65-83.

Teixeira, L. & Oliveira, S. (2010). A experiência de gestão e planejamento do turismo das cidades patrimônio cultural da humanidade na Espanha aplicada à realidade Brasileira (The experience of management and planning of tourism in Spanish World Heritage Cities applied to the Brazilian reality). Turismo & Sociedade, 3(1), 68-90.

Tomkins, L. (2017). Using Interpretative Phenomenological Psychology in Organisational Research with Working Carers. In J. Brook, & N. King (Ed.), Applied Qualitative Research in Psychology (pp. 86-100). London: Palgrave.

Toubes, D. R., Araújo-Vila, N., & Fraiz-Brea, J. A. (2021). Organizational learning capacity and sustainability challenges in times of crisis: A study on tourism SMEs in Galicia (Spain). Sustainability, 13(21), 11764.

Trišić I., Štetić S., Privitera D., Petrović M.D., Maksin M., Vujović S., Jovanović Z. & Kalinić, M. (2021). Perspectives on Sustainable Tourism Development in the Hotel Industry—A Case Study from Southern Europe. Sustainability, 13(10):5563. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13105563.

Turismo de Portugal (2020). Guia de Boas Práticas para uma Economia Circular no Alojamento Turístico. Turismo de Portugal, (Good Practices Guide for a Circular Economy in Tourism Accommodation. Tourism of Portugal). I.P.AHRESP

Turismo de Portugal (2020). Turismo de Portugal, I.P.AHRESP + S u s t a i n a b l e T o u r i s m P l a n 20-23.

UN - United Nations General Assembly: Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Draft resolution referred to the United Nations summit for the adoption of the post-2015 development agenda by the General Assembly at its sixty-ninth session. UN Doc. A/70/L.1 of 18 September 2015.

UNWTO & IPSOS (2019). Global survey on the perception of residents towards city tourism: impact and measures, UNWTO, Madrid, https://doi.org/10.18111/9789284421107.

UNWTO & UN Environment (2019). Baseline Report on the Integration of Sustainable Consumption and Production Patterns into Tourism Policies, UNWTO, Madrid, https://doi.org/10.18111/9789284420605.

Vehovar, V., Toepoel, V., & Steinmetz, S. (2016). Non-probability sampling (Vol. 1, pp. 329-45). The Sage handbook of survey methods.

Vieira, I., Rodrigues, A., Fernandes, D., & Pires, C. (2016). The role of local government management of tourism in fostering residents' support to sustainable tourism development: evidence from a Portuguese historic town. International Journal of Tourism Policy, 6(2), 109-135.

Wenting, Y., He, Z., & Shuying, Z. (2021). Sustainable development and tourists' satisfaction in historical districts: influencing factors and features. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 12(5), 669-681.

Yabanci, O. (2022). Historic architecture in tourism consumption. Tourism Critiques, 3(1), 2-15. https://doi.org/10.1108/TRC-04-2021-0008

Yang, L., & Wall, G. (2022). Heritage tourism in a historic town in China: Opportunities and challenges. Journal of China Tourism Research, 18(5), 1073-1098.

Yıldırım, M. Turan, G. (2012). Sustainable development in historic areas: Adaptive re-use challenges in traditional houses in Sanliurfa, Turkey, Habitat International, 36(4), 493-503.

United Nations General Assembly: Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Draft resolution referred to the United Nations summit for the adoption of the post-2015 development agenda by the General Assembly at its sixty-ninth session. UN Doc. A/70/L.1 of 18 September 2015.

Downloads

Published

17-09-2024

How to Cite

Vieira, I., Rodrigues, A., Alén, E. ., & Sousa, N. (2024). Challenges of sustainable tourism management in a small Historical town from the perspective of accommodation managers. RPER, (69), 57–78. https://doi.org/10.59072/rper.vi69.632