Route optimization using genetic algorithm for visitors to Legends Park
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59072/rper.vi75.857Keywords:
Genetic algorithm,, route optimization,, Legends Park,, rating,, sustainability,, technology,, tourism.Abstract
This study presents a route optimization model based on genetic algorithms applied to Parque de las Leyendas, located in the district of San Miguel, in Lima, Peru. This space is the largest zoo in the country, with an approximate area of 130 hectares and 215 species of animals distributed in various thematic areas, which generates a complex environment for the efficient planning of routes. The proposed model simultaneously integrates three fundamental criteria: distance, time and rating of points of interest, approaching the problem from a multi-objective perspective. Unlike traditional approaches that optimize a single factor, the methodology developed allows the generation of balanced routes adapted to different visitor profiles and time constraints. The results obtained through computational simulation show improvements in the efficiency of the route and in the strategic distribution of attractions visited. In this sense, the model constitutes a tool to support the management and planning of large-scale tourist spaces, with the potential for replicability in other regional destinations that have similar territorial and operational characteristics.
References
Baker, B. M., & Ayechew, M. A. (2003). A genetic algorithm for the vehicle routing problem. 30, 787–800. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-0548(02)00051-5
Bourbonnais, P. L., Morency, C., & Trépanier, M. (2019). Transit network design using a genetic algorithm with integrated road network and disaggregated O – D. In Transportation (Issue 0123456789). Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-019-10047-1
Bravo-Jaico, J., Maquen-Niño, G. L. E., Germán, N., Valdivia, C., Alarcón, R., Aquino, J., & Serquén, O. (2025). Assessing digital transformation maturity in higher education institutions: a correlational analysis by actors and dimensions. Frontiers in Computer Science, 7, 1549262. https://doi.org/10.3389/FCOMP.2025.1549262/BIBTEX
Campos Vasquez, N., Cueva Clemente, C., Bautista ZuÑiga, L., & Sotomayor Burga, J. (2021). Métodos Algorítmicos para la optimización de rutas en el Sistema del Transporte Urbano. 1–9. https://doi.org/10.18687/LEIRD2021.1.1.32
Chen, R., Yang, B., Li, S., & Wang, S. (2020). A self-learning genetic algorithm based on reinforcement learning for flexible job-shop scheduling problem. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 149(January), 106778. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2020.106778
Cruz-Piris, L., Marsa-Maestre, I., & Lopez-Carmona, M. A. (2019). A Variable-Length Chromosome Genetic Algorithm to Solve a Road Traffic Coordination Multipath Problem. IEEE Access, 7, 111968–111981. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2935041
De-La-Cruz-VdV, P., Arce-Esteban, D., Fajardo-Inca, M., Vega-Huerta, H., Maquen-Niño, G. L. E., & Barrera-Cajachagua, M. L. (2025). Web Scraping and Machine Learning Applied to Decision-Making: A Systematic Review. In Y. Iano, O. Saotome, R. Arthur, M. A. Quispe-Barra, M. Z. Vizuete, K. K. Patel, & G. de Oliveira (Eds.), Proceedings of the 10th Brazilian Technology Symposium (BTSym’24) (pp. 236–247). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-92651-8_25
De-la-cruz-vdv, P., Carhuavilca-carlos, M., Vega-huerta, H., Moquillaza-Henriquez, S., Cámara-figueroa, A., Cancho-Rodriguez, E., & Maquen Niño, G. (2023). Robotic Automation of Application Registry Processes in State Organizations. 12(6). https://doi.org/10.18178/ijeetc.12.6.442-449
García de los Salmones, M. del M., Herrero, Á., & Martínez García de Leaniz, P. (2025). The intention to share a sustainability communication about a tourism destination. Spanish Journal of Marketing - ESIC, 29(3), 371–398. https://doi.org/10.1108/SJME-01-2024-0003
Hassanat, A., Almohammadi, K., Alkafaween, E., & Abunawas, E. (2019). Choosing Mutation and Crossover Ratios for Genetic Algorithms — A Review with a New Dynamic Approach. https://doi.org/10.3390/info10120390
Huarote Zegarra, R. E., Vega Luján, Yensi, R., Valencia Mónica, P., Castañeda Hilario, A., Flores Masías, E. J., Larios Franco, A. C., & Jhonatan Isaac, V. H. (2021). Genetic Algorithm for Geographic Route Optimization. Proceedings of the LACCEI International Multi-Conference for Engineering, Education and Technology, 2021-July. https://doi.org/10.18687/LACCEI2021.1.1.541
Katoch, S., Chauhan, S. S., & Kumar, V. (2021). A review on genetic algorithm : past , present , and future. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 80(6), 8091–8126. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-020-10139-6
López-Córdova, F., Vega-Huerta, H., Maquen-Niño, G., Cáceres-Pizarro, J., Adrianzén-Olano, I., & Benito-Pacheco, O. (2025). Construction of a New Data Set of Pleural Fluid Cytological Images for Research. International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering, 21(7), 138–151. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v21i07.54323
Mohammed, M., Abd Ghani, M., Hamed, R., Mostafa, S., Ahmad, M., & Ibrahim, D. (2017). Solving vehicle routing problem by using improved genetic algorithm for optimal solution. J Comput Sci, 21, 255–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocs.2017.04.003
Municipalidad de Lima. (2023). Parque de las Leyendas. Patronato Del Parque de Las Leyendas Felipe Benavides Barreda. https://leyendas.gob.pe
MyMov. (2022). IA y algoritmos genéticos en logística urbana de última milla. Tecnologia. https://mymov.app/tecnologia/ia-algoritmos-geneticos-problema-vrptw/%0A%0A
Perez Ruiz, W. (2007). Parque de Las Leyendas: Una expresión del Perú.
Rina, D., & Joby, T. (2024). Analyzing the Virtual Reality Experiential Dimensions at the Game Centers of Tourist Destinations. Revista Turismo & Desenvolvimento, 46, 213–235. https://doi.org/10.34624/RTD.V46I0.33373
Rodrigues, V., Stevic, I., & Breda, Z. (2022). Smart and 4.0 paradigms fostering innovation dynamics within tourism destinations. Revista Turismo & Desenvolvimento, 39, 65–82. https://doi.org/10.34624/RTD.V39I0.27694
Rodríguez Cevallos, M., Andrade-Albán, M., Maldonado Palacios, R., & Cobos-Cevallos, C. (2020). Implementación de un algoritmo genético mediante una aplicación informática basado en la computación neuronal y evolutiva para obtener el cromosoma mejor adaptado. 8, 116–131. https://revista.redipe.org/index.php/1/article/view/1045/949
Rodríguez Correa, P., Valencia-Arias, A., Garcés-Giraldo, L. F., Rodríguez, L. D. R. C., López, G. A. M., & Benjumea-Arias, M. (2023). Tendencias en el uso de inteligencia artificial en el sector del turismo. Revista Turismo & Desenvolvimento, 40, 81–92. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.34624/rtd.v40i0.31447
Sancho Caparrini, F. (2019). Algoritmos Géneticos. Dpto. de Ciencias de La Computación e Inteligencia Artificial Universidad de Sevilla. http://www.cs.us.es/~fsancho/?e=65
Sharon Treesa, A., & Bindu Vazhakkatte, T. (2023). Tourism Disaster Management through Chatbots as an Alternative Tool of Communication. Revista Turismo & Desenvolvimento, 41, 349–367. https://doi.org/10.34624/RTD.V41I0.30195
Suresh, A., Wartman, M., Rasheed, A. R., & Macreadie, P. I. (2025). Tourism and recreation in blue carbon ecosystems: Exploring synergies, trade-offs and pathways to sustainability. Ocean and Coastal Management, 266, 107697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.107697
Thangiah, S. R. (2014). Vehicle Routing with Time Windows using Genetic Algorithms. August 1995. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420050073.ch11
Trujillo-González, J. (2019). Algoritmo genético aplicado al turismo de Panamá. Investigación y Pensamiento Crítico, 12(1), 41–47. https://doi.org/10.37387/IPC.V12I1.373
Vega-Huerta, H., Chunga-Vargas, M., Guerra-Grados, L., Lázaro-Guillermo, J., Benito-Pacheco, O., Pantoja-Collantes, J., & Gil-Calvo, R. (2025). Web System with Gamification to Enhance Reading Comprehension in a Secondary-Level Educational Institution. Ingenierie Des Systemes d’Information, 30(1), 61–70. https://doi.org/10.18280/isi.300106
Vega-Huerta, H., Gutierrez-Mejía, F., Calcina-Aguilar, B., Benito-Pacheco, O., De-La-Cruz-Vdv, P., Maquen-Niño, G. L. E., & Lázaro-Guillermo, J. C. (2025). ChatGPT-Based Conversational Artificial Intelligence System for Virtual University Admissions Office Client Attention. Ingenierie Des Systemes d’Information, 30(4), 945–952. https://doi.org/10.18280/isi.300411
Vega-huerta, H., Iturre, D. M., Zegarra, P. P., Palomino, R. T., Sanchez, N. Y., Maquen-niño, G. L. E., & Pantoja-collantes, J. (2025). Intelligent Facial Recognition System for Vehicles. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-3859-5_9
Vega-huerta, H., Marlon Pillaca, P., Velasquez-Quiroz, R., Maquen-niño, G., Camara-figueroa, A., Pantoja-collantes, J., & Gil-calvo, R. (2023). Reconocimiento facial mediante aprendizaje por transferencia para el control de acceso a áreas restringidas. 261–273.
Vega-Huerta, H., Vilca Velasquez, J., Anicama Espinoza, N., Maquen-Niño, G. L. E., Guerra-Grados, L., Pantoja-Collantes, J., Benito-Pacheco, O., Lázaro-Guillermo, J. C., Camara-Figueroa, A., Cabrera-Díaz, J., Gil-Calvo, R., & López-Córdova, F. (2025). Mobile application based on KDD to predict high-crime areas and promote sustainability in citizen security in a district of Lima-Perú. Frontiers in Computer Science, 7(August), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2025.1585632
Wang, H., Li, W., Hou, Y., Li, M., & Lee, S. (2022). The Construction of Urban Park Green Infrastructure Network Based on Genetic Algorithm. 2022. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9719633
Yang, Z., Li, J., & Li, L. (2020). Time-Dependent Theme Park Routing Problem by Partheno-Genetic Algorithm. https://doi.org/10.3390/math8122193
Zhou, Y., Wang, Y., Wang, K., Kang, L., Peng, F., Wang, L., & Pang, J. (2020). Hybrid genetic algorithm method for efficient and robust evaluation of remaining useful life of supercapacitors. Appl Energy, 260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.114169
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
RPER is the official journal of the 